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As everyone waits for Facebook to file for its IPO this week, one of the big questions is what will its valuation be. Will it hit the magic $100 billion? Well, we are not going to find out this week because IPOs don't get priced unti right before the offering, which isn't expected until April or May. And a lot can happen between now and then. (What will be filed is the preliminary S-1 with all of Facebook's financials and other corporate information). But if Facebook went public today, chances are that it would get a valuation of around $85 billion.Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/a2n8XzlrZuM/
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Scientists at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) have identified a potential target for the development of anti-craving medications for people with addictions to stimulants such as methamphetamine.
The discovery centres on a brain receptor related to the chemical dopamine, which has a complex role in addictive behaviours.
Using brain scans and a novel chemical probe developed in CAMH's Research Imaging Centre, CAMH scientists found that the probe had high levels of binding to the dopamine D3 receptor in some people with methamphetamine addiction, compared with those who had no addiction. Higher levels of D3 were also linked to participants' reported motivation to take drugs.
"This is the first time, to our knowledge, that anyone has shown that D3 receptor levels are high in people with an active addiction to methamphetamine," says Dr. Isabelle Boileau, a scientist in the Research Imaging Centre, part of the new Campbell Family Research Institute at CAMH. Boileau led the study that appears in the January 25, 2012 issue of The Journal of Neuroscience.
Using positron emission tomography (PET), Boileau's team looked at D3 levels in 16 people who were dependent on methamphetamine. Participants abstained from methamphetamine use for 14 days prior to brain scans. Their results were compared with scans from 16 participants with no addiction. On a separate day after scanning, participants were given a low dose of amphetamine, and they had to report how much they wanted to use drugs.
D3 receptors appear to have a role in craving, but it is not fully established how they are related to drug-related behaviours. The new chemical probe developed at CAMH, called 11C-(+)-PHNO, binds to dopamine D3 receptors. This probe allows researchers to study D3 in people for the first time, using PET scans, in order to answer questions about its role in stimulant addiction.
Understanding the role of brain receptors in addiction has enabled researchers to develop treatment medications, such as nicotine replacement therapy for smoking. So far, therapeutic strategies for stimulant addiction have focused on increasing activity with D2 receptors, where binding levels have been low.
"We can now suggest that any therapeutic approach aimed at increasing activity with D2 receptors should consider being selective at targeting D2, and not increasing D3 levels," says Boileau. "Our finding also supports the idea that D3 should be considered another target for anti-craving medications."
Boileau is also looking at the role of D3 in different types of addictions, including cocaine and gambling.
Building on CAMH?s record of innovation and discovery, the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute will be accelerating discoveries in the areas of mood disorders, addictions, schizophrenia and cognitive impairment.
CAMH?s Research Imaging Centre is the first of its kind in Canada where positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and imaging-genetics are dedicated to the study of mental illness and addictions.
This new discovery is an example of the innovative brain science at CAMH's new Research Imaging Centre, the first of its kind in Canada where positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and genetic imaging are dedicated to the study of mental illness and addictions.
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Centre for Addiction and Mental Health: http://www.camh.net
Thanks to Centre for Addiction and Mental Health for this article.
This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.
This press release has been viewed 36 time(s).
Source: http://www.labspaces.net/117047/Discovery_identifies_potential_target_for_anti_craving_medications_
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Reaction to the nominations announced Tuesday for the 84th annual Academy Awards:
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"I was pleasantly sleeping and someone had the audacity to wake me up." ? Christopher Plummer, joking about learning about best supporting actor nomination for "Beginners."
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"I thought it may elude me. I've always wondered what it was like. I've always peered through the curtain to the front cabin. I feel like I've been invited up. It's a great thing." ? Gary Oldman, who received his first Oscar nomination for his lead role in "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy."
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"There was an excitement to do a film that's a bit forbidden because in 2011, nobody does a silent, black and white film: `It doesn't fit the economy, it's not possible.' Well yes, it is possible. Apparently it's possible." ? Jean Dujardin, who received a best actor nomination for "The Artist," which collected 10 nominations.
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"A nomination helps. I feel a lot better already." ? Demi?n Bichir, who went to bed with the flu and woke up as a best actor nominee for "A Better Life."
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"I was slightly surprised, I confess. I bounced. Gently." ? Janet McTeer, who was nominated for best supporting actress for "Albert Nobbs."
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"I know I've made pictures in the past that are tougher. So, despite my name on the picture, believe me, it's OK to come in the theater I think. Bring the kids! Bring the grandparents ? it's OK. I'll be good. I'm not kidding." ? Martin Scorsese, whose film "Hugo" was nominated for 11 awards, including best film and director.
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"I don't care how sugared up they get for school." ? Brad Pitt, who learned about his best actor nomination for "Moneyball" before fixing a pancake breakfast with all the fixings for his children.
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"I don't think I've processed it. It probably won't hit me until next week. Last year at this time, I was asleep." ? Best Supporting Actress nominee Octavia Spencer, who celebrated with co-stars the night before Oscar nominations in case the film wasn't nominated. It received four nominations.
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"I wasn't nervous until people started asking me if I was nervous." ? best supporting actor nominee Jonah Hill, who couldn't' sleep the night before nominations were announced
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"It's great, especially at this age to still be in the ballgame playing. I don't want to retire, anyway. Never have. I don't know what the hell I'd do. There's not much I can do. I've been at this for 50 years." ? Nick Nolte, who was nominated for best supporting actor in "Warrior." Just don't expect too much celebration from Nolte. "I'm 70. I'm going to go to bed."
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"I feel very honored and special really. You can't imagine, to arrive at the Oscars when you arrive so low, and you can't go further than the Oscars." ? Berenice Bejo, who received a supporting actress nomination for her role in "The Artist."
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"I'm so talked out. There's just so many ways to describe real happiness." ? "Footnote" director Joseph Cedar, who learned about his nomination while in Israel on a break from helping his son with his homework.
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"People of the world, no matter what language they speak, it seems like art has become the common language all over the world." ? Writer-director Asghar Farhadi, whose Iranian film "A Separation" was nominated for best foreign film and original screenplay.
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"It almost feels like movie production because we seem to be working nights instead of early mornings. You think you're just going to go have a chicken dinner, but you end up talking to people until 1 a.m." ? "The Help" producer Brunson Green.
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"We've emailed. It's too damn early (to talk on the phone). There's a lot of emailing and texting going on." ? "The Descendants" producer Jim Burke on communicating with best actor nominee George Clooney and other collaborators.
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AP Entertainment Writers Anthony McCartney, Derrik J. Lang, Mark Kennedy in New York and Jamey Keaten in Paris contributed to this package.
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FILE - In this July 23, 2003 file photo, Bingham Ray is shown in Santa Monica, Calif. Ray, Executive Director of The San Francisco Film Society and former president of United Artists, died Monday, Jan. 23, 2012 while attending the 2012 Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah. (AP Photo/Nick Ut, file)
FILE - In this July 23, 2003 file photo, Bingham Ray is shown in Santa Monica, Calif. Ray, Executive Director of The San Francisco Film Society and former president of United Artists, died Monday, Jan. 23, 2012 while attending the 2012 Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah. (AP Photo/Nick Ut, file)
PARK CITY, Utah (AP) ? Filmmaking executive Bingham Ray has died while attending the Sundance Film Festival. He was 57.
The San Francisco Film Society says Ray died Monday. He was hospitalized Saturday after suffering an apparent stroke while attending the annual showcase of independent film in Park City, Utah. The exact cause of death was not released.
Ray served as president of United Artists for several years, where he shepherded such films as "Bowling for Columbine" and "Hotel Rwanda." He also worked at Sidney Kimmel Entertainment, where he developed marketing and distribution plans for films including "Death at a Funeral" and "Lars and the Real Girl."
The Sundance Institute called Ray's contributions to independent film "indelible."
He is survived by his wife, three children and two sisters.
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George W. Bush shared their values. Newt Gingrich shares their resentments.
Polling data from South Carolina and Florida suggests that Tea Party and evangelical voters may finally be coalescing around a candidate, and that candidate is Newt Gingrich. Which is interesting, because as many people have noted he does not seem to make obvious sense for either group.
Evangelicals in the heyday of the Moral Majority would never have gone for someone with Gingrich's tangled (to put it politely) personal past. Perhaps if there were a profound public act of contrition and the declaration that the experience of being born again had saved him from his faults, but not with Gingrich's arrogant dismissal of any discussion of the issue. Nor would the conversion to Catholicism have played well back in the day. More generally, Gingrich does not make any real effort to sell himself as a man with Jesus in his heart the way Bush did, which is what conventional wisdom says that evangelical voters want. Evangelicals are emphatically "values" voters, yet Gingrich does not seem to embody their values or even to be particularly inclined to pretend that he shares them.
As for the Tea Party voters, they are supposed to be looking for an outsider ? la Ron Paul, not a man who has spent decades in Washington, first as a politician and then profiting from politics.
So what is going on? Simple. Gingrich does not share the evangelical or the Tea Party voters values -- he shares their resentments. He resents the media, "elites," the rich, the leadership of his own party, the Democrats, educated people, people who live in big cities, liberals, and of course, Obama, just as they do. Gingrich and his supporters do not oppose Obama, they resent the fact of his existence. He will speak for his constituents by articulating their resentments in more strident, more combative, more articulate terms than they can themselves, which is why they find him brilliant. Ron Paul's supporters find him brilliant because he reduces the complexities of the world into easy soundbites. Gingrich does that too, but he does much more -- he tells them that their nastiest, darkest, angriest, most irrational self-indulgent justifications are 100% absolutely right. It's a negative version of a politics of self-esteem: not that you are right to feel good about yourself, but that you are right to be resentful of everyone else.
The worldview is Manichean: Obama's economic policies are not mistaken, he is deliberately trying to make Americans poorer. Obama's foreign policy is not misguided, he is deliberately trying to surrender America to foreign powers. And Obama is not merely not one of the people, he wants to destroy American culture. It is a perfect expression of what Richard Hofstadter called "the paranoid style" in American politics. But it's a weirdly infantilized version of that style. When Gingrich talks I hear Rowdy Roddy Piper in They Live: "I am here to kick ass and chew bubble gum, and I am all out of bubble gum." Gingrich is the WWF version of a national politician, playing out an over-the-top script where the championship belt would belong to us except we were cheated and the refs are crooked and this time we're bringing the folding chair into the ring and that'll show 'em! It's infantilizing in just the way that professional wrestling is pitched to a 12-year-old boy's sensibilities (have you seen those costumes?). Gingrich frequently give the impression of a child about to have a tantrum, and that's just fine -- tantrums are all about resentment. It's not quite the same thing as anger, not even righteous anger -- this is more personal, more envious, more spiteful. The difference between anger and resentment is the difference between "this injustice shall not stand" and "it's not faaaaairrr." Romney wants to be the grownup in the room -- Newt wants to be the bad boy in the corner.
And that's why these voters don't care that Gingrich was a Washington insider, or has a record on family values that would give pause to one of the Borgia popes. It's why they don't really care that he contradicts himself, or says crazy things. They want crazy. They want to hear their anger and resentment made into a national platform. They are the victims of an evil conspiracy -- no one plays the victim better than Gingrich when cornered -- and they resent it. They don't really care what Gingrich says he will do, or whether it makes sense, or even whether they would approve of his policies or benefit from them. The are filled with resentment, and Gingrich has captured that voice. Romney can't project it, nor can Santorum or Paul. Plenty of the other candidates share the good-versus-evil absolutism, the paranoid style, the willingness to say anything no matter how crazy. But only Newt, Bad Boy Newt, Nasty Newt, the Grandiose One, the Historian (the guy has too many monikers to keep track of, we'll have to hold a contest) only Newt has captured the key emotive element that drives the Republican core this year: resentment. The hard right core of the Republican Party is filled with resentment, and they have found just the man to let us all know about it.
The question now is, how far can a pure politics of resentment take a candidate in today's environment? The answer, I suspect, is pretty far.
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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/howard-schweber/newt-gingrich_b_1225572.html
The Royal Rumble has been one of WWE?s most unusual and unpredictable events. From what I would call the ?best seat in the house,? I?ve witnessed - and on many occasions introduced - a number of defining occurrences through the years. Therefore, as we celebrate the 25th edition of this long-running WWE staple on Jan. 29, WWE.com revisits some of the magical moments that took place over the past 24 Royal Rumbles - some from the Royal Rumble Matches themselves, others?from clashes that took place in?the titularly named pay-per-view?event.
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BROCK 'N' ROLL TO 'MANIA
1/20/03 ? Boston, Mass.
Brock + Boston = Brilliant. The Superstar known as ?The Next Big Thing? had two mountains to climb that night, and succeeded. Lesnar first won a qualifying match against Big Show that punched his ticket into the Royal Rumble Match, then continued his momentum by winning the 30-man event, thus earning him a WWE Championship Match at WrestleMania XIX.
LAST MAN STANDING OVATION
1/24/04 ? Philadelphia, Pa.
There was no ?brotherly love? between Triple H and Shawn Michaels on this occasion. The two squared off in a Last Man Standing Match for the World Heavyweight Championship. However, both men?s human energy tanks were emptied out in this intense battle, and the end result was that neither man could answer the ring official?s 10-count. By that point, only the capacity crowd remained standing in appreciation.
TIE GOES TO THE ANIMAL
1/22/05 ? Fresno, Calif.
Another brutally competitive Royal Rumble Match took place in Fresno. As was the case between Lex Luger and Bret Hart 11 years earlier in Providence, R.I., the final two competitors in this match, John Cena and Batista, were simultaneously eliminated, once again evoking a controversy between referees and fans alike. However, when an irate Mr. McMahon demanded that this match continue, The Animal succeeded in sending Cena over the top rope.
REY OF HOPE
1/23/06 ? Miami, Fla.
Having drawn the No. 2 entry, the dynamic Rey Mysterio competed for more than an hour ? a record time that remains. By out-lasting the other 29 entrants, The Master of the 619 won his first-ever Royal Rumble Match ? a victory he dedicated to his late friend, Eddie Guerrero.
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A PHENOMENAL WIN
1/24/07 ? San Antonio, Texas
It was an extremely successful evening for The Undertaker for two reasons: Not only did he win his very first Royal Rumble Match, but The Phenom also became the first Superstar in WWE history to have won this prestigious event after entering at No. 30. Many would also surmise that it fueled the fire for two historic WrestleMania confrontations between The Phenom and runner-up Shawn Michaels.
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MORE ROYAL RUMBLE MEMORIES: 1988-1992 | 1992-1997 | 1998-2002
Source: http://www.wwe.com/shows/royalrumble/2012/finkel-royal-rumble-16-20
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New research published in BioMed Central's open access journal Cell & Bioscience is the first to show that left-handed Z-DNA, normally only found at sites where DNA is being copied, can also form on nucleosomes.
The structure of DNA which provides the blueprint for life has famously been described as a double helix. To save space inside the nucleus, DNA is tightly wound around proteins to form nucleosomes which are then further wound and compacted into chromatin, which is further compacted into chromosomes.
But this familiar image of a right handed coil (also called B-DNA) is not the only form of DNA. At sites where DNA is being copied into RNA (the messenger which is used as the instruction to make proteins) the DNA needs to unwind, and, in a process of negative supercoiling, can form a left-handed variety of the DNA double helix (Z-DNA).
It was originally thought that Z-DNA could only be formed in the presence of active RNA polymerase (the enzyme which assembles RNA). However more recently it has been discovered that SWI/SNF, a protein involved in remodeling nucleosomes and allowing RNA polymerase access to DNA, can convert certain sequences of B to Z-DNA.
The team of researchers led by Dr Keji Zhao discovered that they could convert B-DNA to Z-DNA on nucleosomes by the addition of SWI/SNF and ATP (the cell's energy source) and that the Z-nucleosome formed was a novel structure.
Dr Zhao, from the NIH, explained, "The fact that we have found Z-DNA on nucleosomes is a new step in understanding the roles of chromosome remodeling and Z-DNA in regulating gene expression. While the Z-nucleosome is likely to be a transient structure it nevertheless provides a window of opportunity for the placement of DNA binding proteins which may recruit, regulate, or block the transcription machinery and hence protein expression."
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BioMed Central: http://www.biomedcentral.com
Thanks to BioMed Central for this article.
This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.
This press release has been viewed 78 time(s).
Source: http://www.labspaces.net/116908/Elusive_Z__DNA_found_on_nucleosomes
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While discipline and practice are crucial in life, we need play time to let creativity bloom, to imagine the impossible, to ask the 'what if' questions.
Only a Scrooge would frown on child?s play. Or to be more modern: only a Severus Snape. Sure, children can goof off for a while. But the age at which they are required to put away childish things, straighten up and fly right, and master the Hogwarts curriculum keeps getting younger and younger.
Skip to next paragraphStandardized testing, helicopter parenting, a society obsessed with good colleges and successful careers ? there are plenty of reasons why time for make-believe and play-acting has been shrinking. In a new Monitor special report, Stephanie Hanes looks at overprogrammed childhood and the educators, parents, psychologists, and others who are trying to reverse the tide.
Stephanie is a veteran correspondent who has had demanding assignments for the Monitor in sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the world. Her interest in child?s play ? like her interest in the ?Disney princess effect? (see our Sept. 26, 2011, cover) ? was sharpened by her introduction less than a year ago to an important new journalistic source: Madeline Thuli Hanes Wilson.
Through the eyes of her daughter, Maddy, Stephanie says she has been seeing how modern childhood is too often torqued by commercialism and parental anxiety. ?I was looking at the books that I?m reading to her and realized that, wow, so many of them are selling products,? she says. That?s not unlike the rampant merchandise tie-ins to girlhood that Stephanie reported on earlier.?
At 11 months, Maddy already has an extraordinary number of organized activities she can take part in. Her favorites? ?When people are on the ground interacting with her,? her mom says.
Now, plenty of parents in developing countries would like the opportunity to expose their children to organized activities. And toys and games aren?t evil. They can make a kid feel enriched, boost skills, and familiarize youngsters with the technological world they are entering. But relentless scripting of child?s play has its drawbacks.
Free time and make-believe boost physical development, socialization, and ? most important ? the imagination. A huge amount of what we value as a civilization comes from the what-if side of us. While we must follow rules and recipes, train ourselves and test our skills, our artistic side needs time to wonder, improvise, and dream. Productive writers from Shakespeare to Charles Dickens, Dr. Seuss to J.K. Rowling, have coupled imagination with discipline. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart talked of musical ideas emerging when he was alone, sometimes when he was sleepless or taking a walk after a good meal. To muse and mull and eventually hear a symphony in his head, he said, ?is perhaps the best gift I have my Divine Maker to thank for.?
Mozart might have been the most overprogrammed child of the 18th century. Under his father?s tutelage, he was by the age of 5 adept at violin and keyboard, and composing and performing for European royalty.
?By today?s standards, he would have been locked and loaded for the Juilliard School since he was in diapers.?
It takes both imagination and discipline to produce works as original as ?The Magic Flute.? That winning combination is true not just of literature, music, and painting but of science as well. The scientific method is meant to prove or disprove a hypothesis. But the hypothesis ? the hunch, the what-if ? has to come from somewhere. Angels must be entertained.?
The great thing is that play needs little in the way of investment or accessories. It just needs freedom to happen. Even at 11 months, Maddy has all sorts of play options, says Stephanie. One of them is going out and looking at trees: ?We hold the leaves. This one is green. This one is brown. It doesn?t cost anything.?
John Yemma is the editor of The Christian Science Monitor.?
Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/mjj3PQsqb-s/Why-play-s-the-thing
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Exclusive - Online video ad technology company Tremor Video has purchased InPlay, the video analytics solution for publishers, from TubeMogul. Tremor Video will integrate InPlay directly into VideoHub, its enterprise video platform.Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/h77qAJuU8yg/
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WASHINGTON ? The United States is announcing talks with the European Union to set informal rules aimed at limiting debris in space that threatens satellites.
A senior U.S. official says Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton will announce the talks Tuesday. The official spoke on condition of anonymity ahead of the announcement.
The EU already has made public its own draft rules for operating in space. The U.S. official says the United States views that document as a starting point but would like to see changes. The United States also wants other countries, including Russia and China, involved.
U.S. and EU concerns were spurred by China's move to pulverize a disabled weather satellite in 2007. The test sent large amounts of debris into orbit.
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Tomorrow, Google's US homepage will include a link declaring its opposition to the Stop Online Privacy Act and the Protect IP Act. The news was reported on CNET and confirmed by Google in a statement emailed to TechCrunch.Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/aZqHNKcAGCY/
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The book is a short one.? As far as I'm concerned, that's a good thing.? I always say that it's a good writer who can get to the point. Anyway, it's a quick read. Now the other side of it being short, is that it doesn't give detailed information about many of the topics included, but it does point the reader in the right direction with resources to find more information.
I must say that it's an important topic. We all want to be pampered and have our care held to the best possible standards, but you know and I do too how expensive that care is becoming. This book will give you tips on how to save some money and still give your pets the best care.
The authors included this list with the book. It tells you what it covers and I thought you might like to know that it says...
In Pampered Pets on a Budget, pet owners will:
Kristen M. Levine founded Fetching Communications, the nation's first marketing and public relations firm wholly dedicated to serving the pet industry. She is also a frequent contributor to pet and veterinary magazines nationwide.
If you want to take a look at this book, it's available at LuLu.com and at Amazon.com as a Kindle.
Source: http://www.maxthequiltcat.com/2012/01/pmpered-pets-on-budget-by-jeffrey-l.html
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ROME ? The jailed captain of the cruise ship that capsized off Tuscany made an unauthorized deviation from the programmed course, a blunder that led to its deadly crash against a reef, the ship's Italian owner said Monday.
Rescue operations were halted, meanwhile, after the Costa Concordia shifted in rough seas and fears mounted that any further shifts could cause some of the 500,000 gallons of fuel on board to leak into the pristine waters off the island of Giglio that are a protected dolphin sanctuary.
The confirmed death toll rose to six after searchers found the body of a male passenger wearing a life vest in the corridor of the above-water portion of the ship. Sixteen people are unaccounted for, including two American passengers.
Chances that they would be found alive three days after the ship was speared by the reef and toppled to one side grew slimmer.
The Concordia's captain, Francesco Schettino, was arrested and jailed early Saturday, a few hours after Friday's night shipwreck a few hundred meters (yards) off Giglio, a tiny island of fishermen and tourist hotels near the Tuscan coast in west central Italy.
Prosecutors who are investigating the captain for manslaughter, abandoning ship and causing a shipwreck stepped up their scathing criticism of his conduct.
"We are struck by the unscrupulousness of the reckless maneuver that the commander of the Costa Concordia made near the island of Giglio," prosecutor Francesco Verusio told reporters. "It was inexcusable."
A judge on Tuesday is expected to decide if the captain should be charged and remain jailed in Grosseto on the mainland.
Costa Crociere SpA chairman and CEO Pier Luigi Foschi said the company would provide him legal assistance, but he disassociated Costa from his behavior, saying it broke all rules and regulations.
"Capt. Schettino took an initiative of his own will which is contrary to our written rules of conduct," Foschi said in his first public comments since the grounding.
At a news conference in Genoa, the company's home base, Foschi said that Costa ships have their routes programmed, and alarms go off when they deviate. Those alarms are disabled if the ship's course is manually altered, he said.
"This route was put in correctly upon departure from Civitavecchia," Foschi said, referring to the port outside Rome. "The fact that it left from this course is due solely to a maneuver by the commander that was unapproved, unauthorized and unknown to Costa."
Foschi didn't respond directly to prosecutors' and passengers' accusations that Schettino abandoned ship before all passengers had been evacuated, but he suggested his conduct wasn't as bad in the hours of the evacuation as has been portrayed. He didn't elaborate.
The Italian coast guard says Schettino defied their entreaties for him to return to his ship as the chaotic evacuation of the 4,200 people aboard was in full progress. After the ship's tilt put many life rafts out of service, helicopters had to pluck to safety dozens of people remaining aboard, hours after Schettino was seen leaving the vessel.
The captain has insisted in an interview before his jailing that he stayed with the vessel to the end.
Foschi defended the conduct of the crew, while acknowledging that passengers had described a chaotic evacuation where crew members consistently downplayed the seriousness of the situation as the 300 meter-long (nearly 1,000 foot-long) ship lurched to the side.
"All our crew members behaved like heroes. All of them," he said.
He noted that 4,200 people managed to evacuate a lilting ship at night within two hours. In addition, the ship's evacuation procedures had been reviewed last November by an outside firm and port authorities and no faults were found, he said.
The two missing Americans have been identified by their family as Jerry Heil, 69, and his wife Barbara, 70, from White Bear Lake, Minnesota.
Costa owner Carnival Corp. estimated that preliminary losses from having the Concordia out of operation for at least through 2012 would be between $85 million and $95 million, though it said there would be other costs as well. The company's share price slumped more than 16 percent Monday.
Why the ship sailed so close to the dangerous reefs and rocks that jut off Giglio's eastern coast is not clear, but there have been suspicions the captain may have ventured too close while carrying out a maneuver to entertain islanders and passengers.
Residents of Giglio said they had never seen the Concordia, which makes a weekly Mediterranean cruise that passes the Tuscan coast, come so close to the dangerous reef area near the southern tip of the island.
Foschi said only once before had the company approved a navigational "fly by" of this sort ? last year on the night of Aug. 9-10. In that case, the port and company had approved it.
The rescue operation was called off at midday Monday after the Concordia shifted a few inches (centimeters) in rough seas. Just beyond where the gashed ship lies, the seabed drops off quickly by some 20-30 meters (65-100 feet); if the Concordia suddenly drops, any divers participating in the rescue operation could be doomed.
There are also rising fears that any significant movement could send some 500,000 gallons of fuel into the pristine waters around the island of Giglio, which is a protected sanctuary for dolphins and other sea creatures popular with scuba divers.
Even before the accident there had been mounting calls from environmentalists to restrict passage of large ships in the area.
Costa executive Costa said that the Rotterdam, Netherlands, based Smit, one of the world's biggest salvagers, will try to salvage the 290-meter (1,000 foot) cruise liner and would provide a study by Tuesday on how to extract the fuel.
Smit has a long track record of dealing with wrecks and leaks, including refloating grounded bulk carriers and securing drilling platforms in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. A spokesman for Smit, which is part of dredging and maritime services giant Royal Boskalis Westminster NV, did not immediately return calls seeking comment on the Concordia salvage.
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[iPad 3] will sport a high-definition screen, run a faster processor and
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Jamie Condliffe, contributor
(Image: Jon Stahl)
Yoram Bauman is a trained economist and stand-up comedian. New Scientist spoke to him about his new book, The Cartoon Introduction to Economics.
You claim to be the first and only stand-up economist. How did that happen?
By accident. While I was at grad school I wrote a parody of an economics text book and performed it during a humour session at an American Association for the Advancement of Science conference. One thing led to another: people wanted to hear economics jokes, then were willing top pay me to tell them, and then I finally got a website. I wrote on the site that I was the first and only stand-up economist - and if it says it on the Internet, then it must be true.
What?s so funny about money?
What's on everybody's minds right now is that people have less of it than they used to. I think during a time like this being able to take issues like economics that are weighty and difficult and to be able to share a common laugh about them is very valuable.
The other part of it is that people have very strong stereotypes. They think that economics is dull and that economists are the kind of people who think supply and demand is a good answer to the question: ?Where do babies come from??. Stereotypes like that make for good comedy material.
You still do some research. Does it ever feature in your comedy?
I?m not a hardcore academic, but I have a PhD in environmental economics. I do an hour-long comedy routine, but at the end I throw in five or ten minutes about climate change and the terrific revenue-neutral carbon tax in British Columbia.
Your new book is The Cartoon Introduction to Economics Volume Two: Macroeconomics. What is it about cartoons that lend themselves to explaining economic concepts?
Most economics textbooks are about 600 pages long and full of graphs: they?re very daunting. A cartoon book is accessible. I have lots of fans - OK, actually, maybe not lots - I have some fans that send me emails telling me that their 10-year-old children are reading the books. I think the book appeals to the kid in all of us.
So who exactly is the book aimed at?
Well, the 10 -year-olds are very precocious, let?s be clear about that. The book?s aimed at high school and college students as an introduction to economics, but also at the general public too. I think at college there?s a tendency to focus on the mathematics of economics and to ignore the personalities and the history. The book fills some of those gaps.
You?re trained as an economist, not an artist, so how did the book come together?
Drawing is not one of my strong suits, so I work with Grady Klein to do the books. I script them up, and he finalizes the art work, and in between there?s a lot of back-and-forth; it?s a really fun process.
Macroeconomics is a hot topic at the moment, following the recession and the current Eurozone meltdown. What do you want people to learn from the book?
Everybody focuses on the disagreements, but there's about 90 per cent of macroeconomics that scholars agree on, so I'd like for people to be aware of that.
Beyond that, there?s this idea that economics is like eating your Brussels sprouts: it?s good for you, but nobody would do it if it wasn?t. I want to show people the other side of it: that there are all sorts of fascinating personalities, histories and ideas in economics. I?d like them to come away thinking that economics is interesting after all, despite everything they heard.
Do you think it?ll inspire teenagers of today to become the economists of the future?
I don?t know whether to hope so or be afraid so.
And what?s next, now you?ve written introductions to micro- and macroeconomics?
I?m interested in writing a similar introduction to climate change issues. Imagine a cartoon version of the next IPCC climate change reports - can you imagine that? Well, I can.
Yoram Bauman will be performing stand-up comedy on his "Gold Standard" World Tour across the UK and Europe, Asia, and the USA during 2012. For more details visit his website.
The Cartoon Introduction to Economics Volume Two: Macroeconomics
Grady Klein and Yoram Bauman
Farra, Strauss & Giroux
$17.95
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L-R: Humberto Cruz, AIDS Institute Director; Dr. Cheryl Smith, AIDS Institute Associate Medical Director; Miguel Gomez, Director, AIDS.gov
The AIDS Institute of the New York State Department of Health 
, in partnership with AIDS.gov, held its second Forum on social media and HIV/STIs ? which now qualifies as an annual event ? on December 8, 2011.
This year, the Forum ?Social Media: Going Viral Against HIV and STIs? was subtitled ?Communications Technology in Public Health? since it took a broad view of social media in the context of health communications, focusing on public health messaging and consumer engagement.
The Forum was moderated by Miguel Gomez, Director of AIDS.gov, Office of HIV/AIDS Policy, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Mr. Gomez?s extensive experience using video podcasting, administering the AIDS.gov blog, and advocating for the use of social media and new technologies in relation to HIV/AIDS stimulated thought-provoking conversation. He served as a great resource to participants.
Dr. William Smith, Editor of Social Marketing Quarterly , gave Forum attendees ?Lessons from 30 Years of Social Marketing,? the subtitle of his presentation on ?Why ?Cool? Isn?t Enough.? Rather than just offering information, said Dr. Smith, it?s critical to tell a persuasive, engaging story that resonates with the intended audience and offers a solution to a problem they wish to solve. Health professionals should also help to make the desired choices doable and fun.
Dr. Punam Keller , The Charles Henry Jones Third Century Professor of Management, Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College, reviewed her research on communication models that improve health outcomes. Titled ?Health Behavior Change: Persuasive Communication and Choice Architecture,? her presentation discussed structuring health messages so that the desired choice has clear advantages and reinforces the individual?s sense of control. Compared to opt in/opt out strategies and monetary incentives, the ?enhanced active choice? model produces substantially greater compliance. Her research is the basis for the CDC?s new online message development tool, called ?Message Works,? which will debut in April 2012.
The third speaker, Jessica Faye Carter, JD, CEO of the Heta Corporation , spoke on ?Social Media Strategies to Engage Multicultural Consumers,? outlining ways to refine thinking about race/ethnicity and culture in order to better design messages for multicultural individuals and populations.
More information on the 2011 Forum and other AIDS Institute social media activities is available at http://nyconferences.org/socialmedia . You can also watch a webcast from the event here .
Source: http://blog.aids.gov/2012/01/communications-technology-in-public-health.html
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